Work-family and family-work conflict and stress in times of COVID-19.

This study aims to investigate the spillover impact of work-family/family-work conflict and stress on five major industrial sectors (education, textile, hospitals, banks, and retail stores), during the first wave of Covid-19. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is twofold; firstly, to test a hypothesized model where work-family/family-work conflicts are related to stress and where stress could exert a mediating role in such relationships. Secondly, we seek to explore the presence of these conflicts and stress in each of the five major industrial sectors and evaluate if there are significant differences between them, identifying the sociodemographic characteristics associated. Two questionnaires were applied to 748 employees from the selected industries. According to our results, stress predicts both types of conflict and also exerts a mediator role. It was primarily found that the five sectors are significantly different regarding the work-family/family-work conflicts and stress. Findings and implications are discussed.

Sustainable leadership and wellbeing of healthcare personnel: A sequential mediation model of procedural knowledge and compassion.

Introduction: In healthcare organizations, saving patients' lives while maintaining the staff's wellbeing, performance and competencies were challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the complexity of healthcare settings is widely recognized, the pandemic evidenced the necessity of attending to the employees' wellbeing in such a sector. This research aims to examine the effect of sustainable leadership on wellbeing of healthcare personnel. Furthermore, we also evaluate whether procedural knowledge and compassion act as mediators in such a relationship. Methods: The hypothesized model was tested in healthcare organizations in a South Asian country, and the data were collected during the pandemic crisis. A total of 366 health personnel (physicians and nurses) participated in this research. With Hayes' PROCESS macro, we examined all the direct and indirect paths, including sequential mediation. Results: The findings confirm the impact of sustainable leadership on wellbeing and this relationship is also mediated by procedural knowledge and compassion. Discussion/conclusion: Sustainable leadership fosters wellbeing among healthcare workers via the sequential mediation of procedural knowledge and compassion. Study findings suggest that sustainable leaders can trigger procedural knowledge among employees which in turn crafts the state of compassion in them that leads to their wellbeing. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of study findings.

Impact of Prosocial Motivation on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Managerial Support.

This study, based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, explores the impact of contextual variables, such as prosocial motivation, on employee discretionary behavior and organizational commitment. The mediating mechanism of managerial support at work defines the nature of the proposed relationships. Data from 303 administrative, instructional, and supervisory staff-predominantly male (95%) and with an average age of 30 years-working on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for Pakistan's public sector were collected and analyzed by employing SPSS version 24. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested a good fit model, while a correlation matrix provided a significant and positive effect of prosocial motivation on employee citizenship behaviour and organizational commitment. Managerial support mediated the relationship between prosocial motivation and the employees' organizational commitment and citizenship behaviour. The theoretical and practical implications discussed in this study seek to guide the management area to promote managerial support for better outcomes. These outcomes have considerable tactical, statistical, and real-world inferences for the stakeholders of the TVET sector.

E-Leadership and Teleworking in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: What We Know and Where Do We Go.

Suddenly, COVID-19 has changed the world and the way people work. Companies had to accelerate something they knew was imminent in the future, but not immediate and extremely humongous. This situation poses a huge challenge for companies to survive and thrive in this complex business environment and for employees, who must adapt to this new way of working. An effective e-leadership, which promotes companies' adaptability, is needed. This study investigates the existing knowledge on teleworking and e-leadership; and analyzes the supposed challenges. The literature review shows that companies with effective e-leadership can view teleworking as an opportunity. It is advantageous for not only companies' productivity but also the environment and people who work remotely. However, a traditional or no leadership can result in some risks. Thriving in remote work environments implies that managers must adjust the companies' structure, making them less hierarchical, and developing new abilities to establish a strong and trustworthy relationship with their employees to maintain their competitiveness, while retaining a genuine concern for their employees' well-being. Similarly, successful e-leadership must be able to consolidate and lead effective virtual teams to accomplish organizational goals. This study contributes to the literature and leaders during the pandemic.

Liderazgo y comportamiento innovador del trabajador en personal administrativo de una institución educativa / Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior in the Administrative Staff of an Educational Institution

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue describir las prácticas de liderazgo que percibe un grupo de 145 empleados respecto a su jefe inmediato y estimar si éstas guardan relación con su comportamiento innovador en el trabajo. El estudio se realizó en una institución de educación superior con funcionarios del área administrativa que pertenecían al mismo departamento. Para esto, se utilizó la Escala de Liderazgo para la Innovación (Innovational Leadership Scale [ils-15]) de Contreras, Espinosa y Dornberger (2019) y la Escala de Comportamiento Innovador en el Trabajo de Janssen (2000). Ambos cuestionarios mostraron altos niveles de confiabilidad (coeficientes alfa de Cronbach superiores a .90). De acuerdo con los resultados, se observa un nivel medio de desarrollo en las dos variables estudiadas. Así mismo, se observó que los empleados con mayor comportamiento innovador perciben un mayor liderazgo para la innovación en sus jefes. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la formación de líderes que fomenten la innovación en las organizaciones y muestran la necesidad de continuar estudiando este estilo de liderazgo en las empresas colombianas en relación con el comportamiento innovador de sus trabajadores a fin de contribuir al desarrollo de organizaciones más adaptables a las circunstancias cambiantes del entorno.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the leadership practices perceived by a group of 145 employees with regard to their immediate boss and to estimate whether these practices are related to their innovative behavior at work. The study was conducted in a higher education institution with employees from the administrative area who belonged to the same department. To this end, the Innovational Leadership Scale (ils-15]) of Contreras, Espinosa, and Dornberger (2019) and the Janssen Innovative Work Behaviour Scale (2000) were used. Both questionnaires showed high levels of reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficients greater than .90). According to the results, an average level of development may observed in the two variables that were studied. Likewise, it was observed that the employees with greater innovative behavior perceive greater leadership for innovation in their bosses. These findings contribute to the training of leaders that foster innovation in organizations and demonstrate the need to continue studying this style of leadership in Colombian companies with regard to innovative behavior among their staff, so as to contribute to the development of organizations more adaptable to the changing circumstances of the environment.

Role of Family Motivation, Workplace Civility and Self-Efficacy in Developing Affective Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.

The mechanism connecting the antecedents to positive attitudes like affective commitment (AC) and positive behaviors like organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is an under-researched area in the field of positive organizational scholarship. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory (SET), this study empirically validates family motivation and civility as antecedents of affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior through the mediating mechanism of self-efficacy. The process by Hayes (2013) was used to analyze time-lagged and multi-source data collected from 335 employees of educational and telecom sector. Results indicate that the relationship of affective commitment with family motivation and civility is partially mediated whereas the relationship of organizational citizenship behavior with family motivation and civility is fully mediated by self-efficacy. This study adds to the literature of family-work enrichment accounts by validating family motivation as a novel antecedent for positive behavioral outcomes. The implications of the study are discussed.

Preliminary validarion of Fry's Spiritual Leadership Model in Colombian and Ecuadorian workers / Validação preliminar do modelo de liderança espiritual de Fry em trabalhadores colombianos e equatorianos / Validación preliminar del modelo de liderazgo espiritual de Fry en trabajadores colombianos y ecuatorianos

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Spiritual Leadership model proposed by Fry (2003). Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006) was applied to 279 workers from Colombia and Ecuador. The two samples were equivalent by sex, age, education level and work experience. According to the results, all dimensions of the questionnaire showed to be highly consistent (alpha above .85) except Commitment dimension. Likewise, it found that just one of 35 items that composed the scale shows low item-scale correlation. In the most of the cases, the relationships between variables as well as the adjustment index of the model were lower than reported by Fry previously, which limited the construct validity. External evidences of validity of the model, demonstrated that the work experience and level of charge were significant for Spiritual Leadership dimensions. These findings were related to the psychometrics requirement of the scale and regarding of measured construct with organizational behavior. Finally, it is point out some research limitations and provide some suggestions for future studies.

Resumo O propósito deste estudo foi examinar a validade do modelo de liderança espiritual (Spiritual Leadership Theory, SLT) proposto por Fry (2003). Aplicou-se o Questionário de Liderança Espiritual (SLT Survey) (Fry & Matherly, 2006) a 279 trabalhadores da Colômbia e do Equador. Ambas as amostras foram equivalentes com respeito a sexo, idade, nível de formação e experiência profissional. De acordo com os resultados, todas as dimensões do instrumento, exceto a de Compromisso, demonstraram ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Também se constatou que apenas um item dos 35 que compõem o instrumento apresentou baixa correlação item-escala. Na maioria dos casos, as relações entre as variáveis e os índices de ajuste do modelo foram menores que o indicado por Fry, o que limitou a validade de constructo. As evidências externas da validade do modelo demonstraram que a experiência profissional e o nível do cargo são significativos para as dimensões da liderança espiritual. Discutem-se essas descobertas com relação aos requerimentos psicométricos do instrumento e a relação do constructo medido com aspectos do comportamento organizacional. Finalmente, indicam-se as limitações do estudo e fazem-se recomendações para futuras pesquisas.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la validez del modelo de liderazgo espiritual propuesto por Fry (2003). Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Liderazgo Espiritual [SLT] (Fry & Matherly, 2006), a 279 trabajadores de Colombia y Ecuador. Ambas muestras fueron equivalentes respecto a sexo, edad, nivel de formación y experiencia laboral. De acuerdo con los resultados, todas las dimensiones del instrumento, excepto la de compromiso, demostraron ser altamente consistentes (alpha superior a .85). Asimismo, se encontró que solo un ítem de los 35 que componen el instrumento presentó baja correlación ítem-escala. En la mayoría de los casos, las relaciones entre las variables y los índices de ajuste del modelo fueron menores a lo reportado por Fry, lo que limitó la validez de constructo. Las evidencias externas de la validez del modelo demostraron que la experiencia laboral y el nivel del cargo son significativos para las dimensiones del liderazgo espiritual. Se discuten estos hallazgos respecto a los requerimientos psicométricos del instrumento y la relación del constructo medido con aspectos del comportamiento organizacional. Finalmente, se señalan las limitaciones del estudio y se hacen recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.

Calidad de vidallaboral y liderazgo en trabajadres asistenciales y administrattivos en un centro oncológico de bogotá (Colombia)* / Work quality of life and leadership in administrative staff and health care personnel of an oncological center in Bogotá (Colombia)

El propósito de este estudio fue describir la Calidad de vida laboral (CVL) y el estilo de liderazgo percibido por el personal administrativo/asistencial de un centro oncológico y estimar la asociación entre ellas, considerando las características sociodemográficas. Para ello se aplicó el Cuestionario de Vida Profesional [CVP-35] y el Test de Adjetivos de Pitcher [pat] a 38 trabajadores de la salud, que constituyen el 97.2 % del total del personal que labora en el centro. En general, los participantes presentan una CVL satisfactoria, caracterizada principalmente por motivación intrínseca, lo cual fue más evidente en el personal asistencial. Se observó una percepción de ausencia de liderazgo o características poco deseables de este, lo cual, aunque no determina la CVL, sí constituye un factor modulador de la misma; las variables sociodemográficas no guardaron relación con la CVL. Por último se resalta la responsabilidad social que tienen los directivos en el bienestar de los trabajadores de la salud y, consecuentemente, en la atención al paciente. Se discuten estos hallazgos y lo pertinente de utilizar las categorías emergentes del pat.

The aim of this study was to describe the work Quality of Life (wql) and perceived leadership style by administrative staff/and health care personnel in an oncological center and estimate the association between them, considering socio-demographic characteristics. We applied the Professional Life Questionnaire [plq-35] and Pitcher Adjectives Test [PAT] to 38 health workers that represent 97.2 % of the total personal that work at the center. In general, participants have a satisfactory wql, mainly characterized by intrinsic motivation, which was most evident in the care team. With respect to leadership, lack of leadership or undesirable features of it were perceived, which do not determine the wql but constitute a modulator factor. Socio-demographic variables were not related to the wql. Finally it highlights the social responsibility that managers have on welfare of health workers, and consequently, on the patient care. We discuss these findings, and the relevance of using the emerging categories of pat.

Estilo de liderazgo, clima organizacional y riesgos psicocociales en entidades del sector salud. Un estudio comparativo

Acta Colombiana de Psicología 12 (2): 13-26, 2009. El propósito de este estudio fue describir el clima organizacional, los factores de riesgo psicosocial y los estilos de liderazgo que perciben un grupo de 400 trabajadores del sector salud en cuatro ciudades colombianas, y observar si existen diferencias significativas entre ellas. Para ello se aplicó el ECO, el CFP y el PAT. De acuerdo con los resultados, los participantes presentaron riesgos psicosociales de diversa índole, siendo más relevantes los referidos a las relaciones interpersonales El clima organizacional, aunque no es óptimo, tampoco es adverso. Los dos estilos de liderazgo resultantes en el estudio fueron evidenciados solamente en Bogotá. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las variables estudiadas, lo cual podría deberse al efecto de aspectos culturales. Se discuten estos hallazgos.

Calidad de vida y liderazgo: influencia de la calidad de vida percibida del directivo colombiano sobre sus prácticas de liderazgo / Influence of the perceived quality of life of Colombian executives on their leadership practices / Influência da qualidade de vida percebida do dirigente colombiano sobre suas práticas de liderança

Se evaluó la influencia sobre las prácticas de liderazgo, de la calidad de vida percibida del líder, de sus hábitos de salud y de las características socioeconómicas. Todas estas dimensiones de la calidad de vida están incluidas dentro del modelo de calidad de vida como estrategia de intervención (Juárez, 2000, 2010). A 60 participantes, con personal a su cargo, se les aplicó el Inventario de Prácticas de Liderazgo (versión de Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (WHO, 1998, 2004) y el de Indicadores de Salud (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008). Los participantes se agruparon según sus características socioeconómicas. El aumento en la calidad de vida general y la salud psicológica de la calidad de vida, incrementaron las prácticas del liderazgo transformacional de Modelar, Inspirar Desafiar y Habilitar y la del liderazgo transaccional de Alentar. El aumento en la percepción de salud del cuestionario de Indicadores de Salud incrementó las prácticas del liderazgo transformacional de Modelar, mientras que el aumento en la conducta asociada al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas redujo la práctica de liderazgo de Desafiar. Ninguna otra variable resultó significativa. Se discuten diferentes explicaciones teóricas.

The influence of the leader's perceived quality of life, of his/her health habits and socioeconomic characteristics on his/her leadership practices was assessed. All of these dimensions are included in the framework of the quality of life model as an intervention strategy (Juárez, 2000, 2010). The Leadership Practices Inventory (version by Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), the Quality of Life Questionnaire -WHO (1998, 2004) and the Health Indicators Questionnaire (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008) were administered to 60 participants in charge of personnel. Participants were grouped according to their socioeconomic characteristics. The increase in the overall quality of life and perceived health of the quality of life both augmented the transformational leadership practices of Modeling, Inspiring, Defying and Enabling and the transactional leadership practice of Encouraging. An increase in the perceived health of the Health Indicators Questionnaire augmented the transformational leadership practice of Modeling, while the increase in the behavior associated to alcoholic drinks intake reduced the leadership practice of Defying. No other variable was significant. Different theoretical explanations are discussed.

Foi avaliada a influência sobre as práticas de liderança da qualidade de vida percebida do líder, de seus hábitos de saúde e das características socioeconômicas. Todas estas dimensões da qualidade de vida estão incluídas dentro do modelo de qualidade de vida como estratégia de intervenção (Juárez, 2000, 2010). A 60 participantes, com pessoal sob sua responsabilidade foi aplicado o Inventário de Práticas de Liderança (versão de Robles, de la Garza, & Medina, 2008), o questionário de Qualidade de Vida (WHO, 1998, 2004) e o de Indicadores de Saúde (Jiménez, Martínez, Miró, & Sánchez, 2008). Os participantes foram agrupados de acordo com suas características socioeconômicas. O aumento na qualidade de vida geral e a saúde psicológica da qualidade de vida, aumentaram as práticas da liderança transformacional de Modelar, Inspirar Desafiar e Habilitar e a da liderança transacional de Encorajar. O aumento na percepção de saúde do questionário de Indicadores de Saúde aumentou as práticas da liderança transformacional de Modelar, enquanto que o aumento na conduta associada ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas reduziu a prática de liderança de Desafiar. Nenhuma outra variável foi significativa. Discutem-se diferentes explicações teóricas.

Personalidad, inteligencia emocional y afectividad en estudiantes universitarios de áreas empresariales Implicaciones para la formación de líderes / Personality, emotional intelligence and affectivity in college students of business areas Implications for the training of leaders

El propósito de este estudio fue describir la personalidad, el afecto y la inteligencia emocional a lo largo de la formación profesional, en 422 estudiantes de áreas empresariales. Se utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad NEO-FFI de Costa & McCrae (1994), el TMMS-24 (adaptado por Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera & Ramos, 2004) y el PANAS (adaptado por Sandín et al., 1999). Se encontraron niveles altos de neuroticismo y bajos de extraversión, apertura a la experiencia y amabilidad; niveles intermedios de inteligencia emocional y una afectividad positiva predominante. El neuroticismo se incrementó en algunos semestres, la apertura a la experiencia y la responsabilidad aunque presentan niveles bajos, tienden a incrementarse durante la formación. Los participantes se caracterizaron por su afectividad positiva, la cual no parece depender de los procesos formativos sino de sus características personales. Se discuten estos hallazgos en relación con la formación de líderes empresariales.

The purpose of this study was to describe the personality, the affect and the emotional intelligence of 422 business students throughout their training process. The Personality Inventory NEO-FFI of Costa & McCrae (1994), the Spanish versions of TMMS-24 (adapted by Fernández-Berrocal, Extremera, & Ramos, 2004) and the PANAS (adapted by Sandín et al., 1999), were used. We found high levels of Neuroticism and low levels of Extraversion, Openness to Experience and Agreeableness; Emotional Intelligence achieved intermediate levels, and a predominant positive affectivity. The neuroticism was increased in some semesters, the Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness although all of them had low levels, tended to increase during the formation. The participants are characterized by positive emotions, which does not seem to depend on the formation processes but their personal characteristics. These findings are discussed in relation to the training of business leaders.

Estilos de liderazgo, clima organizacional y riesgos psicosociales en entidades del sector salud: un estudio comparativo / Leadership styles, organizational climate and psychosocial risks in the health sector agencies. A comparative study / Estilos de liderança, ambiente organizacional e riscos psicossociais nas entidades do sector da saúde. Um estudo comparativo

El propósito de este estudio fue describir el clima organizacional, los factores de riesgo psicosocial y los estilos de liderazgo que perciben un grupo de 400 trabajadores del sector salud en cuatro ciudades colombianas, y observar si existen diferencias significativas entre ellas. Para ello se aplicó el ECO, el CFP y el PAT. De acuerdo con los resultados, los participantes presentaron riesgos psicosociales de diversa índole, siendo más relevantes los referidos a las relaciones interpersonales El clima organizacional, aunque no es óptimo, tampoco es adverso. Los dos estilos de liderazgo resultantes en el estudio fueron evidenciados solamente en Bogotá. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las variables estudiadas, lo cual podría deberse al efecto de aspectos culturales. Se discuten estos hallazgos.

The purpose of this study was to describe the organizational climate, psychosocial risk factors and leadership styles perceived by a group of 400 workers of the health sector in four Colombian cities and to observe whether there are significant differences between them. In order to achieve this objective, the instruments entitled ECO, CFP and PAT_were administered. According to the results, the participants showed psychosocial risks factors of diverse nature and the most relevant ones were those related to interpersonal relationships. Although the organizational climate found was not optimal, it was not adverse either. The two resulting leadership styles were evidenced only in Bogota. Significant differences were found in most variables studied which could be attributed to cultural aspects. These findings are discussed.

A fim de provar e avaliar o impacto de um programa motivacional de terapia breve para controlar o consumo de álcool em bebedores prejudiciais levou-se a cabo um estudo empírico-analítico com desenho quase experimental. O programa de intervenção constituiu a variável independente, baseado em princípios de entrevista motivacional e de autocontrole cognitivo. A variável dependente foram os indicadores de consumo (intensidade, freqüência e risco), etapa motivacional ante a mudança, estado dos processos da mudança e expectações acerca do consumo. As variáveis foram medidas em três momentos com instrumentos validados previamente: 1. pré-intervenção, 2. ao finalizar a intervenção e 3. cinco semanas depois de acabado o tratamento. No estudo participaram 180 estudantes universitários detectados previamente como bebedores prejudiciais, designados aleatoriamente a uno de três grupos: 1. terapia motivacional individual, 2. terapia motivacional grupal e 3. ausência de terapia. Ambas as terapias motivacionais (individual e grupal) levaram à redução importante dos indicadores de consumo e a melhorar o uso dos processos de mudança responsáveis do consumo. No entanto, a intervenção grupal conduziu a um impacto maior do que a intervenção individual em aspetos como freqüência de consumo, auto-eficácia em situações de alto risco de consumo, percepção de vulnerabilidade e dano, e uso de processos comportamentais associados à mudança e à conservação desta.

Afrontamiento al estrés y modelo psicobiológico de la personalidad en estudiantes universitarios / Coping and psychobiological model of personality in college students

El propósito de este estudio fue observar la relación entre las dimensiones de personalidad propuestas por el Modelo de Temperamento/Carácter y las dimensiones del Afrontamiento al Estrés en una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 150 de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados indican que los participantes tienden a usar estrategias activas para afrontar el estrés; asimismo, se confirman los supuestos biológicos y culturales del Modelo de Personalidad y se evidencia que el afrontamiento al estrés guarda estrecha relación con las características de personalidad, en especial con dos dimensiones del Carácter (Autodirectividad y Autotrascendencia) y poca relación con las dimensiones del temperamento en especial con evitación del daño y persistencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados.

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between personality dimensions suggested for Temperament/Character Model and Coping in 150 undergraduate students in a randomized stratified sample. Results indicate that participants tended to use active strategies for coping. Assumptions about biological and cultural aspects of the Personality Model are confirmed and there is evidence that coping is closely related to personality traits, especially to Character dimensions (Self directiveness and Self transcendence), and to Temperament dimensions especially to avoidance. The implications of these results are discussed.

Estilos de afrontamiento y calidad de vida en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) en tratamiento de hemodiálisis / Coping styles and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in treatment with haemodialysis

El propósito de este estudio fue observar si los estilos de afrontamiento asumidos por un grupo de 41 pacientes con IRC guardan relación con su calidad de vida. Para ello, se utilizaron los instrumentos SF-36 y CAE. Se observó un deterioro importante en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes; no obstante, su funcionamiento social se encontró preservado. De acuerdo con los resultados, el afrontamiento focalizado en la solución de problemas correlacionó positivamente con salud mental, mientras que la auto-focalización negativa se asoció inversamente con la mayoría de las dimensiones de calidad de vida evaluadas. La evitación y la religiosidad, como estilos de atontamiento, presentaron resultados distintos a los hallados por otros autores. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos.

The purpose of this study was to observe if the coping styles of 41 patients with chronic kidney disease were related to their quality of life. The SF-36 and CAE questionnaires were the instruments used. Significant decline in quality of life was evidenced in these patients. Nevertheless, their social functioning was preserved. Results showed that the coping style focused on problem solving was positively correlated with mental health whereas the negative self-focused coping style was inversely related to most dimensions of quality of life that were evaluated. Different results were found about avoidance and religiosity as coping styles. The implications of these results are discussed.

Propiedades psicométricas del “cuestionario confidencial de vida sexual activa” para evaluar conductas de riesgo en VIH-SIDA / Psychometric properties of the confidential questionnaire of active sexual life to assess risk behaviors in HIV-Aids

El propósito de éste estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del “Cuestionario confidencial de vida sexual activa” (CCVSA) desarrollado en 1996 por el antes llamado Ministerio de Salud de Colombia y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), en una muestra de 690 universitario. El núcleo central del instrumento es la conducta sexual en el último año. El CCVSA mostró sólidas propiedades psicométricas. Con un coeficiente de fiabilidad de 0,98. Se puso de manifiesto la validez de contenido del cuestionario mediante un análisis de componentes principales, el cual reveló la existencia de dos dimensiones de comportamiento. Estos resultados adquieren relevancia, dada la necesidad de estandarizar información y obtener perfiles de comportamiento mediante un Instrumento fiables, que permita comparar y evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Confidencial Questionnaire of Active Sexual Life (Cuestionario Confidencial de vida sexual activa) [CCVSA], developed in 1996 by the previous Colombian Ministry of Health and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), in a sample of 690 university students. The core of the study focused on sexual activity during the previous year. The CCVSA demonstrated solid psychometric properties with a reliability coefficient of 0.98. The validity of teh questionnaire was manifested by analysis of the principal components, revealing the existence of two dimensions of behaviour. These results seem relevant given the necessity to standardized information and to obtain profiles of behavior by means of reliable procedures, thus allowing a comparison and evaluation of the study

Psicología positiva: una nueva perspectiva en psicología / Positive psychology: a new perspective in psychology

La psicología positiva fue definida por Seligman (1999)como el estudio científico de las experiencias positivas,los rasgos individuales positivos, las instituciones que facilitan su desarrollo y los programas que ayudan amejorar la calidad de vida de los individuos, mientras previene o reduce la incidencia de la psicopatología. Fue definida también como el estudio científico de las fortalezas y virtudes humanas, las cuales permiten adoptar una perspectiva más abierta respecto al potencial humano, sus motivaciones y capacidades. El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión teórica acerca de este movimiento reciente en la psicología desde un enfoque cognitivo comportamental, sus antecedentes,definición, principales presupuestos, campos aplicados en los que ha tenido mayores adelantos y algunas perspectivas de desarrollo...

Perspectivas de la psicología de la salud en Colombia / Health psychology perspectives in Colombia

El propósito de este artículo es ofrecer una breve revisión histórica sobre el desarrollo de la psicologíade la salud, su origen y surgimiento como campo aplicado de la psicología, puntualizando especialmente en Colombia. En una primera instanciase establecen las diferencias y sinergias entre la psicología de la salud y otras áreas como la psicología clínica y la medicina conductual hasta llegar al concepto de psicología de la salud, su desarrolloy aplicación a una variedad de fenómenos y problemáticas relacionados con el proceso de salud/enfermedad. En segundo lugar se describen los principales acontecimientos que llevaron al desarrolloy surgimiento de la psicología de la salud en Colombia, hasta llegar a nuestros días con los grupos de investigación vigentes en COLCIENCIAS en el área. Finalmente se hacen algunas consideracionesen torno a la proyección de la psicología en el campo de la salud en Colombia reflexionando sobre aspectos positivos y que se deben mejorar.

Calidad de vida y conducta de enfermedad en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo II / Quality of life and behavior of disease in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type II

El propósito de esta investigación consistió en estudiar la calidad de vida y la conducta de enfermedad en personas con diabetes y observar si existe relación entre ellas. Para ello se aplicó el cuestionario SF-36 y el IBQ a 74 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 45 y 65 años diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo II, no insulinodependientes. Se evidenció deterioro importante en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes, principalmente en aquellos componentes relacionados con la salud física. La conducta de enfermedad puntuó en el rango medio en todas sus dimensiones, aproximándose a un nivel alto la hipocondriasis general. Se encontraron correlaciones inversas entre la función física, con percepción psicológica versus somática de la enfermedad. La salud mental correlacionó también de forma negativa con distorsión afectiva, negación de los problemas e irritabilidad. La relación existente entre las dimensiones evaluadas permite una aproximación al planteamiento de patrones de respuesta a la enfermedad, que redundan en la calidad de vida del paciente con diabetes.

The intention of this study was to study the quality of life and the conduct of disease in people with diabetes and to observe if relation among them exists. For it is was applied to questionnaire SF-36 and the IBQ to 74 patients with ages between the 45 and 65 years diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type II. Important deterioration in the quality of life of these patients was demonstrated, mainly in those components related to the physical health. The disease conduct scored in the average rank in all its dimensions, coming near at a high level the general hipocondriasis. Were inverse correlations between the physical function, with psychological perception versus somatic of the disease. The mental health also correlated of negative form with affective distortion, negation of the problems and irritability. The existing relation between the evaluated dimensions allows an approach to the...

Rasgos de personalidad, estrategias de afrontamiento y dolor en pacientes con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide / Personality traits, coping strategies, and perceived pain in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis

El propósito de este estudio fue describir las características de personalidad, estrategias de afrontamiento y el dolor percibido en un grupo de 43 pacientes con diagnóstico de Artritis Reumatoide, y observar si existe relación entre dichas variables. Para ello se utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad de Eysenck [EPI], el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento [EEC-R], el McGILL Pain Questionaire [MPQ] y la Escala Visual Análoga [VAS]. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre algunas estrategias de afrontamiento, mostrando patrones de respuesta coherentes, lo cual denota la solidez de este constructo. No se encontraron relaciones significativas entre las variables estudiadas. La escasa correspondencia entre estos resultados con los presentados en la literatura, que también son diversos, sugiere estudiar si estas diferencias se deben a aspectos metodológicos o por el contrario, se reevalúa la asociación entre estas variables.